Search results for "Changement Climatique"
showing 10 items of 68 documents
RVVS 2013
2013
Physiological advantages of dwarfing in surviving extinctions in high-CO2 oceans
2015
Excessive CO 2 in the present-day ocean-atmosphere system is causing ocean acidification, and is likely to cause a severe biodiversity decline in the future, mirroring effects in many past mass extinctions. Fossil records demonstrate that organisms surviving such events were often smaller than those before, a phenomenon called the Lilliput effect. Here, we show that two gastropod species adapted to acidified seawater at shallow-water CO 2 seeps were smaller than those found in normal pH conditions and had higher mass-specific energy consumption but significantly lower whole-animal metabolic energy demand. These physiological changes allowed the animals to maintain calcification and to parti…
Impacts of climate change on water availability in Burgundy : quantitative and qualitative aspects
2016
Numerous studies dealing with climate change impacts on water ressources have been done at global scale, but the moderated size watersheds scale is less studied. The Burgundy region is located over several hydrographical basins (Seine, Loire and Rhône river), and provides a great diversity of hydrogeological and climate contexts. For these reasons, impacts of climate change on water resources are expected to be very different in space, and require an entire hydroclimatic modelling chain at local scale to be assessed. The main objective of this thesis consisted of the implementation of a modelling tool at the moderated-size watersheds scale of Burgundy. In this way, several watersheds and tw…
Surcotes, tempêtes et risque d’inondation le long du littoral belge : variabilité contemporaine et future (1950-2100)
2010
6 pages; International audience; A l’échelle quotidienne, la hauteur des surcotes à Ostende est quasi-linéairement corrélée à la pressionatmosphérique de surface (PSM) sur la Mer Baltique. Les plus fortes surcotes s’y produisent quand une dépression restestationnaire plusieurs jours sur la Scandinavie synchrone à un renforcement de l’anticyclone des Açores. Cette géographiebarométrique favorise la genèse des forts vents d’afflux de nord-ouest dans la partie sud de la Mer du Nord. Un modèle derégression linéaire permet de simuler de façon robuste la variabilité interannuelle des fortes surcotes à Ostende de 1950 à2000 avec (i) la PSM autour de la Mer Baltique et (ii) le gradient barométrique…
SURCOTES MARINES DANS LE GOLFE DU LION ET FORCAGES ATMOSPHERIQUES : VARIABILITE CONTEMPORAINE ET FUTURE (1950-2100)
2010
Sea surges in the Gulf of Lions are mainly forced by southerly and south-easterly winds. This regional-scale atmospheric circulation is leading by a strong zonal gradient between low pressure system over the Bay of Biscay and high pressure over central Europe. This synoptic-scale circulation mostly happens during “Greenland Above” weather regime. In the second half of the 20th century, a slow increase of the sea-level pressure over central Europe increased the probability of having “Greenland Above” weather types associated with a southerly atmospheric circulation in the Gulf of Lions, thus leading to strong surges. A linear regression is used to simulate the interannual variability of high…
Variabilité de la température entre 1951 et 2014 en Allemagne associée à l’évolution de la floraison des pommiers.
2018
Apple tree bloom onset in Germany has advanced by 2 days/decade in 1951-2014 and by 3 days/decade in 1988-2014, behaving similarly in respect to its evolution since 1951 and its sensitivity to temperature to other species’ phenological spring phases. The evolution however was not linear; by conducting a split moving-window dissimilarity analysis (SMWDA) we were able to detect the “break-period” 1987-1989 which coincides with a breakpoint that has been identified in the phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). We observed distinct spatial patterns with apple bloom advancing from southwest to northeast and, most interestingly, a longitudinal gradient in the trend of apple bloom onset r…
Carbon sequestration in French agricultural soils: A spatial economic evaluation
2021
International audience; Soil organic carbon sequestration measures entail costs to farmers with different individual characteristics and located in different areas. A cost‐effective analysis taking into account these heterogeneities is crucial for developing effective public policy aimed at increasing carbon sequestration. We undertake such an analysis focusing on three soil organic carbon sequestration measures: no‐till, extension of temporary grasslands, and hedgerows. Through an optimization model applied to France, our results show that only extension of temporary grasslands can store carbon at low cost, though their potential for carbon sequestration is also low. For an ambitious carbo…
Changement climatique : impacts sur la phénologie du Pinot Noir en Bourgogne.
2010
6 pages; International audience; Cette étude traite de l’impact du changement climatique sur les potentialités climatiques viticoles du Pinot Noir enBourgogne. L’analyse stationnelle révèle que le réchauffement récent observé en Bourgogne induit une précocité des stadesphénologiques de 10 à 25 jours. Un modèle phénologique est utilisé pour modéliser la relation entre la température et lavigne et affiche une plus grande performance (R²>0.9) sur la prédiction de la date de floraison et des résultats pluscontrastés pour les dates de véraison et de maturité (respectivement R²~0.78 et R²~0.80). Il est ensuite appliqué auxtempératures simulées par le modèle ARW/WRF à 8km de résolution, dans le bu…
Évolution contemporaine des glaciers arctiques: exemple de l'Austre Lovénbreen (79°N)
2016
International audience
Étude de la vulnérabilité de la forêt du Parc du Haut Jura vis-à-vis du changement climatique
2015
Ce mémoire a été rédigé à l’issue de la convention de recherche n°2010-100 contractée entre le Parc naturel régional du Haut-Jura et Théma (UMR 6049 du CNRS et Université de Franche-Comté) visant à définir les modalités d’une étude de « la vulnérabilité de la forêt du Parc du Haut Jura vis-à-vis du changement climatique ».L’un des objectifs de la contribution du Laboratoire ThéMA à cette étude a été d’analyser les caractéristiques du climat actuel et d’évaluer leur probable évolution au cours du XXIième siècle dans le contexte du « changement climatique » modélisé par les physiciens de l’atmosphère. Les aspects relatifs à la pédologie, l’autre segment important de la vulnérabilité de la for…